Verbena: benefits, uses and what science says
Verbena : this aromatic plant from the Verbenaceae has been used for centuries in traditional medicine to promote sleep, relieve digestive disorders and soothe stress.
- Promotes falling asleep and sleep quality
- Relieves common digestive discomforts
- Helps reduce nervousness and stress
- Studied for its potential neuroprotective properties
- Available as an infusion, extract, or food supplement
What is verbena?
Verbena refers to a group of plants belonging to the Verbenaceae family. Two main species are distinguished, each with different uses: Verbena officinalis, known as common or medicinal vervain, and Lippia citriodora, known as lemon verbena or fragrant vervain. These two plants share a long history of use in traditional herbal medicine, but have distinct aromatic profiles and compositions.
Common vervain is an herbaceous plant with upright stems and small mauve flowers, found in temperate zones of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Lemon verbena, native to South America, gives off a characteristic lemony scent that is highly prized in infusions. According to a review published on PubMed, Verbena officinalis is a medicinal species widely distributed throughout the world and commonly used in folk medicine in various countries, according to this review [1].
Both species are rich in plant compounds such as polyphenols and flavonoids, which contribute to their biological properties. Discover in detail why verbena is good for your health and its main uses.
Verbena and sleep: a soothing evening plant
Vervain is primarily known for its relaxing and sleep-inducing effects. In traditional herbal medicine, it is consumed as an infusion in the evening to facilitate falling asleep and improve the quality of restful sleep. This reputation is based on centuries of popular use, and scientific research is beginning to explore the potential underlying mechanisms.
A study published on PubMed indicates that Verbena officinalis is used in particular for its antidepressant and anticonvulsant properties, suggesting an action on the central nervous system [2]. These research avenues remain preliminary and do not allow for conclusions regarding established clinical efficacy for sleep in humans.
To benefit from its calming effects, most traditional uses recommend an infusion of dried leaves consumed in the evening. Always follow the dosage indicated by the manufacturer or advised by a healthcare professional. Knowing when to drink vervain can optimize its effects on sleep and relaxation.
Verbena and digestion: a well-documented traditional aid
Vervain has long been used to relieve common digestive ailments. Traditional uses include relieving abdominal cramps, bloating, mild nausea, and intestinal discomfort. These applications are among the oldest and most widespread in folk medicine worldwide.
A study published on PubMed reports that Verbena officinalis has a folk reputation for treating digestive disorders, including diarrhea, and that its effects have been evaluated in an experimental setting [3]. However, the researchers emphasize that further clinical studies are needed to confirm these uses in humans.
Furthermore, another source published on PubMed mentions that Verbena officinalis has been used to treat conditions such as acute dysentery and enteritis in various medicinal traditions [4]. This data remains from folk medicine contexts and does not constitute clinical validation. Explore the benefits of verbena infusion for digestion and daily well-being.
Lemon verbena: a variety with specific properties
Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) differs from common verbena (Lippia officinalis) in its aromatic profile and specific polyphenolic compounds. It is widely used as a culinary spice, in cosmetics, and in traditional medicine preparations. Its lemony scent makes it one of the most popular herbal infusions in Europe.
A randomized controlled trial published on PubMed evaluated the effects of lemon verbena and hibiscus polyphenols on appetite-related biomarkers in overweight subjects, suggesting a modulation of certain metabolic parameters [5]. These results are preliminary and do not allow for the recommendation of lemon verbena as a weight management solution.
These uses still need to be confirmed by rigorous clinical studies. Learn more about lemon verbena, its characteristics, and its specific uses.
Neuroprotective properties: what research suggests
One of the most promising avenues of research concerns the potential effects of verbena on the nervous system. Scientific studies have explored aqueous extracts of this plant in experimental settings, particularly in relation to the protection of nerve cells.
A study published on PubMed reports potential neuroprotective effects of aqueous extracts of Verbena officinalisand mentions that the plant has been used to treat conditions such as depression in various medicinal traditions [4]. These results are from preliminary work and do not allow for conclusions regarding established clinical efficacy in humans.
Another study published on PubMed evaluated the combined effects of physical training and Verbena officinalis on parameters related to prediabetes, indicating that the plant is used as a dietary supplement worldwide for its antidepressant and anticonvulsant properties [2]. Further research is needed before any therapeutic conclusions are drawn.
Composition and active ingredients of verbena
The richness of verbena in plant compounds explains the growing interest of researchers in this plant. It notably contains polyphenols and flavonoids, families of molecules widely studied for their biological properties in many medicinal plants.
A study published on PubMed evaluated different extraction procedures for the active ingredients of Verbena officinalis, with the aim of optimizing the extraction of its bioactive compounds [6]. This work illustrates the scientific interest in standardizing verbena extracts, an important step for future clinical studies.
The review published on PubMed dedicated to Verbena officinalis indicates that this plant is recognized for the diversity of its potential biological effects, making it an active subject of study in herbal medicine [1]. The exact composition can vary depending on the geographical origin, the harvest season, and the method of preparation.
How to prepare a verbena infusion
Infusion is the most common and traditional form of consumption. It allows the extraction of water-soluble compounds and the enjoyment of the characteristic aromas of the plant, whether it be common verbena or lemon verbena.
Here are the basic steps to prepare an infusion:
- Heat water until it is simmering (do not let it boil vigorously).
- Place the dried or fresh verbena leaves in a cup or teapot.
- Pour hot water over the leaves and let it steep according to the manufacturer's instructions.
- Filter and consume, preferably in the evening to enjoy its soothing effects.
- Follow the dosage recommended by the manufacturer or a healthcare professional.
Verbena can also be consumed as a standardized extract or dietary supplement. In all cases, follow the manufacturer's instructions. Discover how to prepare homemade verbena with simple and natural recipes.
Comparative table: common vervain vs lemon verbena
| Criteria | Common vervain (Verbena officinalis) | Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) |
|---|---|---|
| Origin | Europe, Asia, Africa | South America |
| Aroma | Discreet, herbaceous | Lemony, pronounced |
| Main traditional uses | Sleep, digestion, nervousness | Aromatic infusion, spice, cosmetic |
| Compounds studied | Polyphenols, flavonoids | Polyphenols, including flavonoids |
| Common form of consumption | Infusion, extract, supplement | Infusion, extract, food spice |
| Clinical research | Preliminary studies | Preliminary studies |
Growing and caring for verbena in the garden
Verbena is an easy plant to grow, whether in a pot on a balcony or directly in the garden. It thrives in sunny locations and well-drained soil. The ornamental hybrid verbena, which is very colorful, differs from the medicinal varieties, but all share similar growing requirements.
Planting is best done in spring, after the last frost, to ensure good summer growth. Regular watering, without overwatering, and light soil promote its development. Regular pruning encourages branching and prolongs flowering or the production of aromatic leaves.
The leaves are ideally harvested before flowering, when the concentration of aromatic compounds is highest. Find all our practical advice on caring for verbena in the garden and in pots.
When and how to harvest lemon verbena
Harvesting lemon verbena is a key step to fully benefiting from its aromas and properties. The ideal time is generally in summer, when the stems are well-developed and before the plant enters full flowering. It is at this stage that the leaves are richest in aromatic compounds.
Cut the stems back to about a third of their length to encourage regrowth. Dry the leaves in a well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight. Once dry, store them in an airtight container away from moisture and heat.
A good harvest guarantees a quality infusion all year round. Consult our complete guide on the ideal time to harvest lemon verbena.
Pruning lemon verbena: the right techniques
Pruning is essential for maintaining a vigorous and productive plant. For lemon verbena, light and regular pruning during the growing season stimulates the growth of new shoots and prevents the plant from becoming too woody too quickly.
At the end of the season, a more severe pruning prepares the plant for winter. In regions where temperatures drop sharply, it is advisable to protect the base of the plant with mulch or bring the potted plant indoors. This will ensure a more vigorous recovery the following spring.
Simple, regular actions are all it takes to keep lemon verbena healthy for several years. Learn how to prune lemon verbena using the right techniques and at the right time.
Precautions and contraindications to be aware of
Like all medicinal plants, vervain should be used with caution. Data on its long-term safety remains limited, and certain situations call for caution. It is always best to consult a doctor or pharmacist before incorporating this plant into your routine, especially if you are currently taking medication.
Situations requiring professional advice include:
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding: data is insufficient, ask your doctor for advice.
- For young children: consult a pediatrician before use.
- People undergoing medication: seek advice from a pharmacist or doctor.
- People suffering from chronic conditions: medical advice is recommended.
- In case of an unusual reaction after consumption: stop and consult a doctor.
Limited data are available regarding specific drug interactions with verbena. If in doubt, consult a healthcare professional before use.
Verbena as a dietary supplement: what you need to know
Vervain is commercially available in several forms: infusion of dried leaves, liquid extract, capsules, or tablets. Each form offers different benefits depending on your needs and lifestyle. Vervain-based dietary supplements are subject to regulations in each country.
The quality of products can vary significantly depending on the manufacturer, the origin of the plant, and the extraction process used. A study published on PubMed highlighted the importance of extraction processes for optimizing the extraction of active ingredients from Verbena officinalis [6]. Choose products with a clearly stated composition from reputable manufacturers.
Always follow the dosage instructions on the packaging or as recommended by a healthcare professional. Do not exceed the recommended duration of use without medical advice.
- Verbena is a traditional medicinal plant used primarily to promote sleep, relieve digestion, and reduce stress.
- Two main species exist: common vervain (Verbena officinalis) and lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora), with distinct profiles.
- Scientific research on verbena is promising but preliminary: studies suggest interesting biological properties, without validating established clinical efficacy.
- Verbena is generally consumed as an infusion in the evening, but it also exists in the form of extracts and food supplements.
- Consult a doctor or pharmacist before prolonged use, especially if pregnant, breastfeeding, or taking medication.
Frequently Asked Questions about Verbena
Does verbena really help you sleep?
Vervain is traditionally used to promote sleep and evening relaxation. Research published on PubMed indicates that Verbena officinalis is being studied for its effects on the central nervous system, including its potential antidepressant and anticonvulsant properties. This data remains preliminary. Drinking vervain tea in the evening remains a popular traditional approach, but consult a professional if your sleep problems persist.
What is the difference between common vervain and lemon verbena?
Common vervain (Verbena officinalis) is a herbaceous plant native to Europe and Asia, with inconspicuous leaves and small mauve flowers. Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) is native to South America and has a strong lemony scent. Their compositions of plant compounds differ, as do their main traditional uses. Lemon verbena is more commonly used as an aromatic infusion and spice, while common vervain is more associated with traditional medicinal uses.
How to prepare a verbena infusion?
Place dried verbena leaves in a cup, pour hot water (not boiling, but rolling) over them, and let it steep according to the manufacturer's instructions. Strain before drinking, preferably in the evening. The amount of herb to use depends on the product chosen: always follow the dosage indicated on the packaging or recommended by a healthcare professional. Avoid exceeding the recommended duration of use.
Is verbena safe during pregnancy?
The available data on the safety of vervain during pregnancy and breastfeeding are insufficient to make a recommendation. As a precaution, it is advisable to avoid consuming vervain in the form of a dietary supplement or concentrated extract during these periods, and to consult your doctor or midwife before any use, even as an infusion.
Is it safe to give vervain to a child?
The use of vervain in infants and young children is not sufficiently documented to guarantee its safety. Before giving vervain in any form to a child, consult a pediatrician or doctor. Do not rely solely on the manufacturer's instructions for pediatric populations.
Does verbena interact with medications?
Limited data are available on specific drug interactions with vervain. If you are taking medication, consult your doctor or pharmacist before consuming vervain in supplement or extract form. This precaution applies to any medicinal plant used alongside other treatments.
When should you drink a verbena infusion?
Traditional herbal medicine recommends drinking verbena infusion in the evening, about thirty minutes to an hour before bedtime, to benefit from its calming effects on sleep and relaxation. It can also be consumed after meals to support digestive comfort. Follow the dosage indicated by the manufacturer and do not consume large quantities without professional advice.
Is verbena effective against stress and anxiety?
Vervain is used in traditional medicine for its calming effects on nervousness and stress. Studies published on PubMed indicate that Verbena officinalis is being studied for its properties on the nervous system, including potential antidepressant and anticonvulsant effects. This data remains preliminary and does not constitute proof of clinical efficacy for stress or anxiety in humans. Consult a healthcare professional if your symptoms are severe.
Can you grow verbena at home?
Yes, lemon verbena is a relatively easy plant to grow in pots or in the ground. It thrives in sunny locations, well-drained soil, and regular, but not excessive, watering. Planting is best done after the last spring frosts. Regular pruning encourages the growth of new, aromatic leaves. Lemon verbena may need winter protection in regions with harsh winters.
Which form of verbena should I choose: infusion, capsules or extract?
The choice depends on your preferences and lifestyle. Infusions of dried leaves are the most traditional method and allow you to enjoy the plant's aromas. Capsules or standardized extracts offer a more precise concentration of active compounds and are more convenient for everyday use. Whichever form you choose, opt for quality products with a clearly stated composition from the manufacturer.
Does verbena have any effects on digestion?
Vervain has long been used in folk medicine to relieve common digestive issues such as cramps, bloating, and diarrhea. A study published on PubMed evaluated these traditional uses and reports that the plant has a folk reputation for managing digestive problems. Clinical data remain limited, and further research is needed to confirm these effects in humans.
How to store dried verbena?
Dried verbena leaves should be stored in an airtight container, away from direct sunlight, moisture, and heat. An opaque glass jar or a metal tin is ideal. Under the right conditions, the dried leaves will retain their aroma and properties for several months. Avoid storing them near a heat source such as a stove or radiator.
Key takeaways
Vervain is a traditional medicinal plant with varied uses, primarily valued for its calming effects on sleep, digestive comfort, and nervousness. Scientific research published on PubMed indicates the biological benefits of Verbena officinalis and lemon verbena, while emphasizing that clinical data remains preliminary. This plant is not a substitute for medical treatment and should be used with caution.
To incorporate verbena into your daily routine, start with an infusion of dried leaves consumed in the evening, following the manufacturer's dosage instructions. If you have any doubts, are currently undergoing treatment, or have a specific situation (pregnancy, child, chronic illness), consult a doctor or pharmacist before use.
Sources and studies
- Verbena officinalis (Common Vervain) - A Review on the... — PubMed,
- Novel neuroprotective effects of the aqueous extracts from... — PubMed,
- Metabolaid® Combination of Lemon Verbena and Hibiscus... — PubMed,
- Evidence From In Vivo Antidiarrheal Study — PubMed,
- Hibiscus and lemon verbena polyphenols modulate appetite-related biomarkers in overweight subjects: a randomized controlled trial — PubMed,
- Evaluation of different procedures for the extraction... — PubMed,
This article is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before use.
